My daughter is now 19 months old, and well along the path of discipline and
good behaviour. I'm sure it won't last past her second birthday, but for the
moment she is polite and well-behaved to an angelic degree. My, and my wife's
approach to discipline seems to be paying off so far.
0-6 Months
We received a great deal of advice on how to deal with a child in the first
six months of their life. Some of this ranged from controlled crying to the
occasional good smack. What we ended up doing was much more mundane. I believe
that my daughter never had a devious thought up until somewhere around the
six month mark. I don't believe she ever tried to manipulate me or my wife
during that time.
Up to six months a child isn't very mobile. She doesn't get to do a lot
except eat, sleep, and smile. We never let her cry. I believe that at that age
every cry is genuine and most need attending to. Genuine cries include:
- I'm hungry, please feed me
- I'm windy, please rock my tummy gently across yours until the wind passes
- I need a burp
- I'm uncomfortable because I'm cold, hot, wet, etc
- I'm uncomfortable because you put me on my tummy for exercise, let a doctor
put an immunisation needle in my arm, etc
- I'm tired, and I don't know what to do with myself
Hungry, windy, burping, and certain kinds of uncomfortable are easy to deal
with. You just attend to your child as quickly as you can. Always let them
know you are there and they can be confident in your care. There are obviously
times where you do need to put your child in uncomfortable situations. For
those I always held my daughter's hand, rubbed her back, spoke soothingly, etc.
Your baby can sense your own disquiet and respond in kind. The important thing
is to stay calm, and let that calm make its natural way to your child.
The "I'm tired" one also turned out to be surprisingly simple with my
daughter: Maintain a routine from birth. For us, it was: Wake up, play/cuddles,
nappy, feed, sleep. Repeat the cycle as often as necessary. At birth this is
around a three hour cycle. At her present age we have adjusted some of the
elements, and now it is about four hours at the start of day plus another cycle
for the rest of the day. So long as you have a basic rhythm in place, the exact
timing will work itself out between you and your child. Our first was sleeping
through the night within weeks of being brought home from hospital.
I'm not so naive as claim this will happen again for our second child.
Probably the most important thing we got right in this time was putting
her to bed while she was still awake. While this can be difficult for the first
few days, she learned to fall asleep herself. This is a skill whose importance
is difficult to understate.
Six months and up
Since six months we have been following the same basic strategy: Be
attentive and responsive to your child. This is reasonably easy, as she is
presently an only child. I can see how this will be difficult later on.
We do smack her occasionally on the hand at present when she knows she has done
or is doing something naughty. I'm not sure if this has actually been effective
at all.
Being attentive and responsive does not mean giving in to her demands, only
her needs. I feel it is important as a parent to distinguish between wanting
a happy baby and one that is never unhappy. How are you training your child if
you pander to every fat crocodile tear? I prefer to train my child to live with
the disappointment and move on. You will often have heard me say over the last
twelve months: "It's ok to be upset, but when you are finished crying we'll
(still do what we were going to do)".
We started to set firm limits on her behaviour around the time she started
crawling: She isn't allowed to wander into the kitchen or bathroom. Our
approach to enforcing these boundaries has been to use to least amount of
physical force necessary to prevent her transgression. For this to work it is
helpful to anticipate, rather than respond to them. It is also absolutely
essential that any rule with perfect consistency: Don't send your child mixed
messages, or any rule becomes a game.
If she looks like she is going to go somewhere she isn't supposed to, I'll
gently touch her chest or shoulder from that direction. That's her cue not
to proceed. If she doesn't respond to the cue, I'll go verbal: "(full name),
we don't go in the kitchen. Do we? (full name)!". If that doesn't work I'll
physically restrain her while repeating the warning.
Over time she seems to have realised that we are serious about such things,
and even when she was very young she only took a few days to take to these
kinds of limits. As her physical capabilities have increased we have added new
boundaries, almost all relating in some way to her safety.
When it comes to the real high-wire acts I have taken a slightly different
approach. When she is heading into danger I'll say firmly, "Careful.". Rather
than trying to enforce the discipline myself I'll try to ensure there is a
basic level of safety (nothing she is doing yet will actually kill her), and
then let her have more leash than will keep her unhurt.
"Careful. Don't fall down." (falls down) "See, I told you not to fall down.
I told you to be careful.". I don't have to dish out punishment in these cases.
Nature manages just fine. To round things out, I also use careful when she is
heading into other naughty territory. The message I'm trying to send is
"I'm responsible and invested in your safety and well-being. When I warn you of
a danger, it is because I see something you don't". So far she has been
responding very well to this.
Her language skills are advanced at this stage, and one thing my wife has
been insisting on is proper manners. You will often hear "More, please" and
more recently "More, please, (something she wants)". I think manners are
important, not because you can't survive in society with imperfect manners,
but because they are a system of rules that if broken don't necessarily put
you behind bars for the next 30 years. I feel that it is important for a child
to experience the application of this kind of rule system, however arbitrary,
in order to prepare them for later life and the systems of rules they will
encounter along the way.
Conclusion
I think the main thing in establishing a happy, secure environment for your
child is to be embedded in her world and aware of how she is perceiving it.
Only then can you help her chart a course through childhood, set appropriate
limits, and help her find her place in society. It is important to be able to
distinguish between a genuine cry and a tantrum. It is important to be able to
foresee danger and conflict. It is important to be ready to help her make the
right decision in a difficult situation, just by touching her shoulder at the
appropriate time.
How we proceed through the terrible twos is the next challenge, but I hope
that the basic points will continue to work: Start with love and care,
be aware of what's going on in her world, foresee conflicts and dangers as
early as possible, and take the minimum necessary steps to steer her around
or through them while also letting her discover her own approach. I hope that
as a parent I can live up to this standard.
Benjamin